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中国区域经济发展的地区差异GIS分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要针对我国改革开放以来地区间经济发展的差距究竟是扩大(发散)还是缩小(收敛)的问题开展了研究.首先,对全国各省(市)1980 - 2008年的人均名义GDP数据进行了空间自相关分析,探讨了全国区域经济发展的地区差异变化,揭示了1984年以后中国各地区之间的经济发展的正空间自相关关系,即全国区域经济发展差异在整体上... 相似文献
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Stephanie Lavau 《The Australian geographer》2011,42(3):241-256
Prominent in many historical accounts of European first contact with Australian nature are stories of encounters between European curiosity and curious Australian biota, such as the platypus and the eucalyptus. In this paper, I argue that post-settlement relations with the Goulburn River, one of the largest rivers in south-east Australia, likewise attest to the centrality of curiosity in early European engagements with Australian landscape. In mapping several relational ontologies of the Goulburn River, I attend to the socio-material practices in which this river has been performed as different and as normal. My interest is in a specific form of difference, that of antipodean difference: the river as topsy-turvy, backwards, unusual, or inverted in relation to some presumed norm, whether that norm be rooted in memories and experiences of European rivers or imaginings of an original state of nature. This is a story of how an extraordinary river became ordinary, and of how we might understand antipodean difference as curious in deed (i.e. as performed), rather than as curious indeed (i.e. as an innate quality of Australian nature). 相似文献
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Droughts have become widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, including in China, where they have affected farmland resources on the Loess Plateau. Given this background, we proposed a new index, the Normalized Day-Night Surface Temperature Index (NTDI), to estimate moisture availability (ma), defined as the ratio of actual to reference evapotranspiration. The NTDI is defined as the ratio of the difference between the maximum daytime surface temperature and the minimum nighttime surface temperature, to the difference between the maximum and minimum surface temperatures estimated from meteorological data by applying energy balance equations.To calculate the index, we used data of 20 clear-sky meteorological observations made during the 2005 growing season at a natural grassland station in the Liudaogou River basin on the Loess Plateau. The NTDI showed a significant inverse exponential correlation with ma (R2 = 0.97, p < 0.001), whereas the numerator of the index (the maximum daytime surface temperature minus the minimum nighttime surface temperature) was only weakly correlated with ma (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.03). This result indicates that normalization relative to the index denominator (maximum surface temperature − minimum surface temperature) dramatically improved the accuracy of the estimate. 相似文献
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Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The northwestern China is a typical dry-land region of Inner Asia, where significant climate change has been observed over the past several decades. How the regional vegetation, particularly the grassland-oasis-desert complex, responds to such climatic change is poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated spatio-temporal changes in vegetation growth and their responses to a changing climate by biome and bioregion, using satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2003, along with corresponding climate data. Over the past 22 years, about 30% of the total vegetated area showed an annual increase of 0.7% in growing season NDVI. This trend occurred in all biomes and all bioregions except Sawuer, a subregion of the study area with no significant climate change. Further analyses indicated that NDVI change was highly correlated with the current precipitation and evapotranspiration in growing season but was not associated with temperature. We also found that NDVI was positively correlated with the preceding winter precipitation. These findings suggest that precipitation may be the key cause of vegetation growth in this area, even for mountain forests and grasslands, whose growth are often regarded to be limited by low temperate in winter and early spring. 相似文献
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水分胁迫对东方百合光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及干物质积累的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
以东方百合“索邦”为试材,在科尔沁沙地对其在不同水分胁迫下的光合特性、叶绿素荧光及干物质积累进行了研究。结果显示,随着水分胁迫的加剧,净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)明显下降。另外,水分胁迫下百合叶片发生了“光合午休”现象,气孔导度(gs)也呈下降的趋势,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)先下降后升高,并且通过gs和Ci变化方向可以判断出,百合叶片净光合速率受气孔与非气孔两种因素的限制。百合叶片最小荧光(Fo)无明显变化,最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)下降较明显。百合总干重及各器官干重也随水分胁迫的加剧而明显下降。研究表明,水分胁迫降低了百合叶片净光合速率,抑制了PSⅡ的光化学活性,从而影响到了百合干物质的积累。因此,在科尔沁沙地,应该采取合理的灌溉技术来保证百合在生长过程中得到充足的水分,以此确保切花百合的品质。 相似文献
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随着经济增长和产业结构的演变,农村劳动力与人口不断聚集城镇,城市化水平提高。相关分析表明,许昌市城市化与第二产业发展呈较强正相关,与第三产业发展无明显规律关系。因产业与企业基础现状、布局、区位、政策制度等原因,产业结构的变动对域内城市化水平的提升作用存在明显差异。集中培育发展优势第二产业、大力发展第三产业、加强教育培训、构建协调的推拉制度体系是提高许昌市城市化水平、实现城市化与产业结构演变协调发展的主要对策。 相似文献
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从"十一五"期间河南省各地区主要污染物排放的实际情况来看,各地区降污减排效果差距明显,环境污染的区域差异问题越来越成为影响河南省和谐社会建设和工业化进程的重要障碍。主要选取了极差、加权变异系数和锡尔熵3个指标,对河南省2006—2009年间的主要污染物排放情况进行了地区差异度分析,旨在为政府制定更加合理的节能指标和部署减排任务提供科学的决策参考。 相似文献
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